Tungsten oxide powder may be applied for the preparation of nano-ceramic dispersion solution. Tungsten oxide also has electrochromic properties, in which the rate of discoloration of the material may be effectively increased by doping element.
For doping element in tungsten oxide, most of the metallic elements that have lower electronegativity or weaker oxidizing ability than tungsten (W) are usually used, such as titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V), etc. The doping of these elements will change the crystallinity, grain size and surface contact area of the film layer. On the one hand, it can form a porous and large channel structure, which is uniformly distributed inside the crystal, and so that it facilitates ion transport to reduce the migration barrier and enlarge diffusion coefficient. On the other hand, the rough surface can increase the contact area between the ion conductive layer and the tungsten oxide layer, providing more transport channels for ion insertion and extraction, thereby increasing the amount of ion implantation per unit time.
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